{"id":683,"date":"2025-12-26T10:03:20","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T02:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/?p=683"},"modified":"2025-12-26T11:50:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T03:50:51","slug":"%e9%9d%99%e6%80%81nat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/2025\/12\/26\/%e9%9d%99%e6%80%81nat\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9759\u6001NAT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4efb\u52a1\u76ee\u6807<\/h2>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u7f51 VLAN \u95f4\u4e92\u901a\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 R1 \u914d\u7f6e PAT (Port Address Translation)<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5185\u7f51 192.168.x.x \u7f51\u6bb5\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u6c60\uff08200.10.10.1-9\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u7f51 50.50.50.1\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n

\u5728 Packet Tracer \u4e2d\uff0c\u70b9\u5f00\u6bcf\u53f0 PC\/Server \u7684 Desktop -> IP Configuration<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u79f0<\/th>\nIP \u5730\u5740<\/th>\n\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/th>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
PC1<\/strong><\/td>\n192.168.10.2<\/td>\n255.255.255.0<\/td>\n192.168.10.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PC2<\/strong><\/td>\n192.168.20.2<\/td>\n255.255.255.0<\/td>\n192.168.20.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PC3<\/strong><\/td>\n192.168.30.2<\/td>\n255.255.255.0<\/td>\n192.168.30.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Server0<\/strong><\/td>\n192.168.40.2<\/td>\n255.255.255.0<\/td>\n192.168.40.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u63a5\u5165\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u4ee5 SW2 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff09<\/h2>\n

\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u521b\u5efa VLAN \u5e76\u5c06 PC \u63a5\u53e3\u5212\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u7684 VLAN\u3002<\/p>\n

SW2(config)# vlan 10                     # \u521b\u5efa VLAN\nSW2(config-vlan)# exit\nSW2(config)# interface f0\/1              # \u8fdb\u5165\u8fde\u63a5 PC1 \u7684\u7aef\u53e3\nSW2(config-if)# switchport mode access   # \u8bbe\u4e3a\u63a5\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\nSW2(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10 # \u5212\u5165 VLAN 10\nSW2(config)# interface f0\/24             # \u8fdb\u5165\u8fde\u63a5 SW1 \u7684\u7aef\u53e3\nSW2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk    # \u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a Trunk \u94fe\u8def\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5219\u662f\u521b\u5efaVLAN 20\uff0c30\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 PC \u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6838\u5fc3\u4ea4\u6362\u673a (SW1) \u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5f00\u542f\u4e09\u5c42\u8def\u7531\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u5404 VLAN \u7684\u865a\u62df\u63a5\u53e3\uff08SVI\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
SW1(config)# vlan 10,20,30,40            # \u6279\u91cf\u521b\u5efa VLAN\nSW1(config)# ip routing                  # \u3010\u5173\u952e\u3011\u5f00\u542f\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u8f6c\u53d1\n\n# \u914d\u7f6e VLAN \u7f51\u5173\nSW1(config)# interface vlan 10\nSW1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0\nSW1(config)# interface vlan 40\nSW1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0\n\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u63a5\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u63a5\u53e3\nSW1(config)# interface f0\/24\nSW1(config-if)# no switchport            # \u5f3a\u5236\u5c06\u4e8c\u5c42\u63a5\u53e3\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e09\u5c42\u63a5\u53e3\nSW1(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252\n\n# \u914d\u7f6e\u53bb\u5f80\u5916\u7f51\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\nSW1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.2\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e f0\/1 \u63a5\u53e3 VLAN \u4e3a 40<\/p>\n
\n
\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u51fa\u53e3\u8def\u7531\u5668 (R1) \u4e0e NAT \u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5185\u7f51\u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
# 1. \u63a5\u53e3 IP \u914d\u7f6e\nR1(config)# interface f0\/0               # \u5185\u7f51\u4fa7\nR1(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252\nR1(config-if)# ip nat inside             # \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a NAT \u5185\u90e8\u63a5\u53e3\nR1(config-if)# no shutdown\n\nR1(config)# interface f0\/1               # \u5916\u7f51\u4fa7\nR1(config-if)# ip address 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.0\nR1(config-if)# ip nat outside            # \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a NAT \u5916\u90e8\u63a5\u53e3\nR1(config-if)# no shutdown\n\n# 2. \u8def\u7531\u914d\u7f6e\nR1(config)# ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.1.1 # \u56de\u7a0b\u8def\u7531\uff1a\u56de\u5185\u7f51\nR1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 100.100.100.2   # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\uff1a\u53bb\u5916\u7f51\n\n# 3. \u52a8\u6001 NAT (PAT) \u914d\u7f6e\nR1(config)# access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 # \u5b9a\u4e49\u5141\u8bb8\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u79c1\u7f51\u8303\u56f4\nR1(config)# ip nat pool np 200.10.10.1 200.10.10.9 netmask 255.255.255.0 # \u5b9a\u4e49\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u6c60\nR1(config)# ip nat inside source list 1 pool np overload # \u3010\u6838\u5fc3\u3011\u5173\u8054 ACL \u4e0e\u6c60\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u5916\u7f51 (R2) \u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
\u6a21\u62df\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5305\u8fd8\u7ed9 NAT \u5730\u5740\u6c60\u3002<\/p>\n
R2(config)# interface f0\/0\nR2(config-if)# ip address 100.100.100.2 255.255.255.0\nR2(config-if)# no shutdown\n\nR2(config)# interface loopback 0         # \u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u62df\u7f51\u7ad9\nR2(config-if)# ip address 50.50.50.1 255.255.255.255\n\n# \u3010\u91cd\u70b9\u3011\u56de\u7a0b\u8def\u7531\uff1a\u6307\u5411 NAT \u5730\u5740\u6c60\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\nR2(config)# ip route 200.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 100.100.100.1\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\u6700\u7ec8\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u914d\u7f6e\u6210\u529f\uff1f<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \u7ec8\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff1aPC1 ping 50.50.50.1<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u901a\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u5168\u7f51\u901a\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. NAT \u8f6c\u6362\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728 R1 \u4e0a\u8f93\u5165 show ip nat translations<\/code>\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6761 ICMP \u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u79c1\u7f51 IP \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u6210\u516c\u7f51 IP \u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u8def\u7531\u8868\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5404\u8bbe\u5907\u8f93\u5165 show ip route<\/code>\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u548c\u76f4\u8fde\u8def\u7531\u90fd\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \u5b9e\u8bad20 \u9759\u6001NAT<\/a>\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[17],"class_list":["post-683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16","tag-17"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=683"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":688,"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions\/688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.axeuh.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}