effort
n. 努力,艰难的尝试;力气,精力;有组织的活动;努力的结果,成就 adj. 努力的 v. 努力,尽力
例句
He made no effort to hide his disappointment. 他丝毫不试图掩饰自己的失望。
派生
- effortless adj. 容易的;不费力气的
搭配
- spare no effort 不遗余力,竭尽全力
- joint effort 共同努力
- make an effort 努力,作出努力
笔记补充
- spare no efforts to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
- make every effort to do 尽一切努力去做
- 关联词汇:venture (n./v. 冒险), joint venture (合资企业), adventure (n. 冒险)
surround
v. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相连;身边总有(某类东西) n. (物品的)边,饰边;周围的事物,环境
例句
The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子四周有高墙环绕。
派生
- surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的 n. [复数] 环境,周围的事物
pleasure
n. 快乐,满足;乐事,趣事;娱乐,消遣 adj. 游乐的,非公务的 v. 使高兴
例句
She seemed to take pleasure in our suffering. 她似乎对我们的痛苦幸灾乐祸。
派生
- please v. 使高兴;使满意
- pleased adj. 高兴的;满意的
- pleasingly adv. 高兴地;令人满意地
搭配
- with pleasure 愉快地;乐意
- for pleasure 为了消遣
- take pleasure in 乐于,以……为乐
- at one‘s pleasure 随心所欲
- be pleased with 对……感到满意
笔记补充
- It is one‘s pleasure! (在事情完成后说)这是我的荣幸!(情景对话)
- With pleasure! (在答应请求时说)乐意效劳!
introduce
v. 介绍,引见;使初次了解;推行;引入;提交(法案)
例句
Excuse me, may I take the opportunity to introduce myself as an interpreter? 打扰一下,我可以借这个机会自我介绍是一名译员吗?
派生
- introduction n. 介绍;引进;引言;入门
搭配
- introduce … to … 把……介绍给……
笔记补充
- take the opportunity/chance to do sth. 抓住机会做某事
- interpret v. 口译;解释
- brief introduction 简要介绍
audience
n. 观众,听众;读者;觐见;拥护者
例句
Her music appeals to a wide audience. 她的音乐吸引了广泛的听众。
笔记补充
- appeal to 吸引;呼吁
- 近义词:spectator n. (尤指体育赛事的)观众
- 词根 -spect-(看)关联词:retrospect (回顾), prospect (前景), inspect (检查)
applause
n. 掌声,喝彩
例句
His speech was frequently interrupted by stormy applause. 他的演讲不时被暴风雨般的掌声打断。
搭配
- a burst of applause 一阵掌声
笔记补充
- interrupt v. 打断(词根 -rupt- 断裂)
- burst into tears/applause/laughter 突然大哭/鼓掌/大笑
- 词根 -rupt- 关联词:erupt (爆发), bankrupt (破产的)
operation
n. 运作,实施;操作;手术;行动;军事行动;公司;业务;[数学] 运算
例句
He was recovering from a heart transplant operation. 他正从心脏移植手术中康复。
派生
- operate v. 运转;动手术;经营
- operating adj. 操作的;外科手术的
- operator n. 操作员;经营者;话务员
搭配
- in operation 生效;运转中
- come into operation 开始生效/运转
笔记补充
- recover from … 从……中恢复
- cooperate with … 与……合作
- come into effect = come into operation (生效)
suffer
v. (因疾病等)受苦;经受,遭受(坏事);变差
例句
It was not my intention that she should suffer. 我并没有要她受苦的意图。
派生
- suffering n. 痛苦,苦难 adj. 受苦的
- sufferer n. 患者;受害者
搭配
- suffer from 遭受;患(病)
笔记补充
- intention n. 意图,打算 → intend v. 打算
- by intention 故意地
urge
v. 敦促,催促;强烈要求;驱赶;鼓励 n. 强烈的欲望,冲动;推动力
例句
The urge to survive drove them on. 求生的欲望驱使他们前进。
派生
- urgently adv. 迫切地;紧急地
- urgency n. 紧急;急迫
搭配
- urge sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做某事
- urge on 鞭策;力陈
笔记补充
- I urge that … (接虚拟语气)我极力主张……
- urgent adj. 紧急的
competition
n. 竞争;比赛,竞赛;竞争者(总称)
例句
Our competition has attracted a huge entry. 我们的比赛吸引了大量参赛者。
派生
- compete vi. 竞争;比赛
- competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的
- competitor n. 竞争者,对手
搭配
- in competition with 与……竞争
笔记补充
- compete for 为……而竞争
- 近义词:adversary n. 对手 → adverse adj. 不利的;敌对的
practical
adj. 实际的;切实可行的;务实的;心灵手巧的;几乎完全的
例句
Most importantly, we should develop our own practical ability. 最重要的是,我们应该培养我们自己的实践能力。
派生
- practice n. 实践;练习;惯例 v. 练习;实行
- practically adv. 几乎;实际上;在实践中
笔记补充
- practically ≈ virtually ≈ almost (几乎)
- practically 也有“从实际角度”的意思, 近义于 actually。
application
n. 申请,申请书;应用,运用;敷用;勤奋
例句
The application forms have now been simplified. 申请表格现在已经简化了。
派生
- apply v. 申请;应用;涂,敷
- applicant n. 申请人
搭配
- practical application 实际应用
- application for ……的申请
- application form 申请表
笔记补充
- apply for 申请(某物)
- apply to 适用于;向……申请
- apply … to … 把……运用到……
- APP = application (应用软件)
- simplify v. 简化 (-fy 动词后缀)
troublesome
adj. 引起麻烦的,令人讨厌的;麻烦的,困难的
例句
You must learn to rid yourself of such troublesome thoughts. 你必须学会摆脱这些令人烦恼的想法。
派生
- trouble n. 麻烦;故障 v. 麻烦;使烦恼
笔记补充
- get rid of = rid yourself of 摆脱,除去
- have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
familiar
adj. 熟悉的;常见的;随和的;过分亲密的 n. 熟人;精灵
例句
Are you familiar with the computer software they use? 你熟悉他们使用的电脑软件吗?
派生
- familiarity n. 熟悉;精通;亲密
- familiarize v. 使熟悉
搭配
- be familiar with (某人)熟悉(某物)
- be familiar to (某物)为(某人)所熟知
recognize
v. 认出,识别;承认;认可;赞赏
例句
The odd thing was that he didn‘t recognize me. 奇怪的是他没有认出我。
派生
- recognized adj. 公认的
- recognition n. 认出;承认;赞誉
搭配
- recognize … as … 承认……是……
- recognize … by/from … 根据……认出……
- It is recognized that … 人们公认……
float
v. (使)漂浮;(使)浮动;轻盈移动;提出(想法);发行(股票) n. 彩车;浮子;浮板
例句
There wasn‘t enough water to float the ship. 水不够深,船浮不起来。
派生
- floating adj. 漂浮的;流动的
- floatation n. 漂浮;浮选
搭配
- float on 浮在……上
flexible
adj. 灵活的;柔韧的,易弯曲的
例句
We should stick to the principles and be flexible as well. 我们既要坚持原则,也要灵活应变。
派生
- flexibly adv. 灵活地
- flexibility n. 灵活性;弹性
extent
n. 程度;范围,长度
例句
The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen. 损害的程度是无法预见的。
搭配
- to some extent 在某种程度上
- to a great/certain extent 在很大程度上/在某种程度上
笔记补充
- extend v. 延伸;扩展 → extensive adj. 广泛的
- by degree 逐渐地 (degree 也表“程度”)
adopt
v. 收养;采取,采纳;正式通过;选定(名字);移居
例句
In no way am I going to adopt any of his methods. 我决不会采用他的任何方法。
派生
- adopted adj. 被收养的;被采用的
- adoption n. 采用;收养
搭配
- be adopted into 被……所收养
笔记补充
- opt v. 选择 → option n. 选择 → optional course 选修课
- adapt v. (使)适应 → adapt to … 适应……
- in no way 绝不(置于句首时,句子需部分倒装)
apparent
adj. 显而易见的;貌似的,表面上的
例句
It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 从她的脸上明显可以看出她真的很心烦。
派生
- apparently adv. 显然地;似乎
搭配
- It is apparent that … ……是显而易见的。
笔记补充
- 近义词:obvious, clear, transparent (明显的;透明的)
indicate
v. 表明,标示;象征;指示;暗示
例句
The extent of the rise might indicate that it had been overdone. 上涨的程度可能表明事情做得过头了。
派生
- indicative adj. 指示的;象征的
- indicator n. 指示器;指标
- indication n. 指示;迹象
搭配
- indicate one‘s intention 表明意图
circumstance
n. 条件,情况,环境;境况;详情;命运 v. 处于某种情况
例句
I know I can trust her in any circumstance. 我知道在任何情况下我都能信任她。
搭配
- under the circumstance(s) 在这种情况下
- under no circumstance(s) 决不
笔记补充
- 介词 + no + 名词 表示“绝不”,如:in no way, at no time, on no condition, in no event。
neglect
v. 疏于照顾;忽视;漏做 n. 忽略,忽视
例句
We often neglect to make proper use of our bodies. 我们常常忽视合理使用我们的身体。
派生
- negligible adj. 微不足道的,可以忽略的
- neglected adj. 被忽视的
- negligence n. 疏忽;粗心大意
搭配
- neglect of 对……的疏忽
笔记补充
- make full/proper use of 充分/合理利用
- 近义词:ignore v. 忽视(常指故意不理)
inspect
v. 检查,审视;视察;检阅
例句
They don‘t normally give any advance notice about which building they‘re going to inspect. 他们通常不会事先通知要视察哪座大楼。
派生
- inspection n. 检查;视察
- inspector n. 检查员;巡视员
笔记补充
- notice n. 通知 v. 注意到
- take notice of = pay attention to 注意
- 词根 -spect-(看)关联词:audience, retrospect, prospect
fume
v. 发怒,生气;冒气(或烟);熏(木材) n. [常用复数] (刺鼻的)烟气
例句
Keep busy and let them fume while you‘re not around. 保持忙碌,让他们在你不在的时候生闷气去吧。
派生
- fumed adj. 熏过的
搭配
- exhaust fumes 废气
笔记补充
- exhaust v. 耗尽;使筋疲力尽 → exhausted adj. 精疲力尽的
- wear out 耗尽;穿破 → be worn out 精疲力尽
personality
n. 个性,性格;魅力;特色;名人
例句
His engaging personality made him popular with his peers. 他迷人的个性使他在同龄人中很受欢迎。
派生
- personal adj. 个人的;亲自的
- personally adv. 亲自;就个人而言
- personalize v. 使个性化
stubborn
adj. (人)固执的,倔强的;难以去除(或对付)的
例句
He was so stubborn that he was immune to all suggestions. 他如此固执,以至于听不进任何建议。
派生
- stubbornly adv. 顽固地
笔记补充
- be immune to 对……有免疫力;不受……影响
curl
v. (使)卷曲;(使)盘绕;翘起 n. 鬈发;卷曲物
例句
The dying leaves became brown and curled up. 濒死的叶子变成了棕色并卷曲起来。
派生
- curly adj. 卷曲的
搭配
- curl up 卷起;蜷缩
defensive
adj. 防御的;戒备的;辩护的;(比赛中)防守的 n. 防御态势;辩护
例句
Don‘t be that defensive, I just want to be friends with you. 别那么戒备,我只是想和你做朋友。
派生
- defend v. 防御;辩护
- defense (defence) n. 防御;辩护
- defensible adj. 可辩护的;可防御的
- defensively adv. 防御地
搭配
- on the defensive 处于防御状态
depress
v. 使抑郁,使沮丧;降低;使萧条;按下
例句
He was depressed by his defeat. 他因失败而感到沮丧。
派生
- depressed adj. 沮丧的;萧条的
- depressing adj. 令人沮丧的
- depression n. 沮丧;萧条(期);洼地
- depressive adj. 抑郁的
笔记补充
- 近义词:frustrate v. 使沮丧 → frustration n. 挫折